Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)

Data Courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory

AO Index | AMOC Index | ENSO | EPO Index | MEIv2 Index | NAO Index | PDO Index | PNA Index | QBO Index | Teleconnection Monthly Summary

1950's | 1960's | 1970's | 1980's | 1990's | 2000's | 2010's | 2020's

ENSO and Snowfall Earth | 1960's | 1970's | 1980's | 1990's | 2000's | 2010's | 2020's

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)

Multidecadal patterns in sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Atlantic are represented by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) index. The AMO signal is based on spatial patterns in SST variability after removing the effects of anthropogenic forcing on temperature, revealing natural long term patterns in SST. The AMO is characterized by warm and cool phases with periods of approximately 20-40 years. The AMOC index is related to air temperatures and rainfall over North America and Europe and is associated with changes in the frequency of droughts in North America and the frequency of severe hurricane events. The AMOC is thought to be related to the North Atlantic branch of the deep thermohaline circulation.


The ocean’s water is constantly circulated by currents. Tidal currents occur close to shore and are influenced by the sun and moon. Surface currents are influenced by the wind. However, other, much slower currents that occur from the surface to the seafloor are driven by changes in the saltiness and ocean temperature, a process called thermohaline circulation. These currents are carried in a large "global conveyor belt" which includes the AMOC.

AMOC stands for Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The AMOC circulates water from north to south and back in a long cycle within the Atlantic Ocean. This circulation brings warmth to various parts of the globe and also carries nutrients necessary to sustain ocean life.

The circulation process begins as warm water near the surface moves toward the poles (such as the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic), where it cools and forms sea ice. As this ice forms, salt is left behind in the ocean water. Due to the large amount of salt in the water, it becomes denser, sinks down, and is carried southwards in the depths below. Eventually, the water gets pulled back up towards the surface and warms up in a process called upwelling, completing the cycle.

The entire circulation cycle of the AMOC, and the global conveyor belt, is quite slow. It takes an estimated 1,000 years for a parcel (any given cubic meter) of water to complete its journey along the belt. Even though the whole process is slow on its own, there is some evidence that the AMOC is slowing down further. NOAA funds research to better understand this potential slowing, as well as to investigate the AMOC’s role in coastal sea level changes and its relationship to extreme events.


The AMO index shows fairly distinct warm/cool periods, with a slightly warm period as the data begins.

  • 1857-1901 - WARM - 44 Years
  • 1902-1925 - COOL  - 23 Years
  • 1926-1963 - WARM - 37 Years
  • 1964-1994 - COOL  - 30 years
  • 1995-2022 - WARM - 27 Years

Since 1995, the AMOC has been in a warm phase (see the graph and table below). If past patterns continue to hold, the warm phase will potentially continue for another 10 years.

PLEASE NOTE! Unfortunately the AMOC is no longer being updated.

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Graph

Positive AO

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)

Period Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg
  1857 0.225 -0.048 -0.063 0.019 -0.021 0.111 0.143 0.009 0.030 -0.123 -0.157 -0.272 -0.012
  1858 -0.209 -0.302 -0.059 0.223 0.101 -0.028 -0.149 -0.060 0.082 0.159 0.286 0.133 0.015
  1859 -0.122 -0.109 0.071 0.160 0.098 -0.091 -0.170 0.074 0.091 0.139 0.070 0.093 0.025
  1860 0.126 -0.102 0.071 -0.059 0.180 0.314 0.240 0.050 0.006 0.120 0.003 0.152 0.092
  1861 0.011 -0.099 0.004 0.258 0.205 0.302 0.424 0.313 0.270 0.224 0.226 0.125 0.189
  1862 -0.018 -0.153 -0.063 -0.116 -0.172 -0.034 -0.284 -0.258 -0.247 -0.256 -0.342 -0.349 -0.191
  1863 -0.137 -0.034 0.037 0.059 0.033 -0.033 -0.284 -0.291 -0.148 -0.225 -0.169 -0.107 -0.108
  1864 -0.196 -0.346 -0.172 -0.026 0.082 0.124 0.270 0.356 0.204 0.135 0.196 0.197 0.069
  1865 0.197 0.257 0.170 0.066 0.035 0.205 0.127 0.047 0.290 0.257 0.221 0.221 0.174
  1866 0.055 0.181 0.216 0.135 0.178 0.354 0.285 0.262 0.151 0.144 0.270 0.280 0.209
  1867 0.315 0.287 0.389 0.299 0.161 0.091 0.111 0.074 0.005 -0.025 0.116 -0.049 0.148
  1868 0.065 0.134 0.206 0.264 0.191 0.330 0.409 0.207 0.150 -0.110 -0.053 0.126 0.160
  1869 -0.110 0.095 0.081 0.248 0.286 0.219 0.284 0.138 0.098 -0.003 -0.041 -0.084 0.101
  1870 -0.155 0.012 -0.039 -0.165 -0.026 -0.008 -0.037 0.103 0.153 0.160 0.176 0.112 0.024
  1871 -0.133 -0.115 0.133 0.182 0.146 0.135 0.175 0.060 -0.085 -0.145 -0.001 0.089 0.037
  1872 -0.067 -0.051 -0.082 -0.071 0.179 0.220 0.287 0.387 0.418 0.050 -0.031 -0.049 0.099
  1873 0.056 0.007 0.044 0.047 -0.047 -0.037 0.087 0.047 0.148 0.084 0.063 0.142 0.053
  1874 0.053 -0.111 -0.117 -0.088 0.018 0.165 0.102 -0.011 0.183 -0.038 -0.056 -0.288 -0.016
  1875 -0.164 0.069 0.038 0.020 0.166 0.172 0.006 0.093 0.141 0.073 -0.057 -0.074 0.040
W 1876 -0.203 -0.073 -0.089 -0.068 -0.069 -0.003 0.118 0.177 0.151 -0.052 -0.079 -0.014 -0.017
  1877 0.009 0.160 0.244 0.149 0.259 0.328 0.304 0.367 0.267 0.237 0.305 0.324 0.246
A 1878 0.246 0.339 0.349 0.648 0.529 0.632 0.425 0.591 0.553 0.323 0.377 0.475 0.457
  1879 0.327 0.383 0.024 0.041 0.250 0.180 0.088 0.020 -0.018 0.066 0.073 0.123 0.130
R 1880 0.081 0.008 0.093 -0.033 -0.135 -0.007 0.122 0.106 0.259 0.234 0.152 -0.080 0.067
  1881 0.174 0.128 0.195 0.226 0.119 0.125 0.013 0.050 -0.018 -0.064 -0.300 -0.090 0.047
M 1882 -0.126 -0.093 -0.028 -0.123 -0.125 0.005 0.066 0.075 0.048 -0.009 0.020 0.023 -0.022
  1883 -0.041 -0.157 -0.146 0.035 0.041 -0.023 -0.037 0.026 -0.084 -0.106 0.001 0.142 -0.029
  1884 0.041 -0.134 -0.101 -0.054 -0.039 0.146 -0.021 0.001 -0.141 -0.135 -0.330 -0.103 -0.073
  1885 -0.056 0.056 -0.023 -0.238 -0.154 -0.120 -0.013 0.126 0.047 0.045 0.024 0.046 -0.022
  1886 0.144 0.140 0.197 0.220 0.248 0.217 0.259 0.078 0.015 -0.005 0.000 -0.006 0.126
  1887 -0.085 -0.072 -0.009 -0.050 0.060 0.235 0.353 0.220 0.172 0.256 0.201 0.202 0.124
  1888 0.254 0.191 0.276 0.144 0.151 0.274 0.209 0.168 0.171 0.277 0.150 0.101 0.197
  1889 0.258 0.266 0.340 0.321 0.322 0.234 0.084 0.104 0.112 0.112 0.185 0.059 0.200
  1890 0.039 0.023 -0.031 -0.146 -0.138 -0.094 -0.247 -0.292 -0.251 -0.074 -0.263 -0.239 -0.143
  1891 -0.267 -0.077 0.084 0.120 0.187 0.173 0.252 0.110 0.017 0.035 -0.229 0.028 0.036
  1892 0.072 0.132 0.105 0.014 -0.119 -0.137 -0.242 -0.097 -0.204 -0.172 -0.267 -0.168 -0.090
  1893 -0.093 -0.045 -0.033 -0.145 -0.126 0.135 0.188 0.172 0.061 -0.050 0.033 -0.147 -0.004
  1894 -0.138 -0.156 -0.176 -0.273 -0.348 -0.314 -0.216 -0.227 -0.216 -0.326 -0.303 -0.217 -0.243
  1895 -0.106 -0.073 -0.253 -0.281 -0.196 -0.096 -0.062 -0.085 0.084 0.082 -0.098 -0.040 -0.094
  1896 -0.057 0.043 -0.030 0.057 0.267 0.199 0.111 0.090 0.323 0.168 0.054 0.064 0.107
  1897 0.088 0.140 0.312 0.255 0.170 0.106 0.104 0.026 0.054 0.083 -0.006 -0.005 0.111
  1898 -0.008 0.065 0.114 0.068 0.097 0.217 0.224 0.146 0.112 -0.021 -0.123 0.007 0.075
  1899 -0.059 -0.045 -0.002 0.093 0.209 0.195 0.118 0.277 0.137 0.099 0.207 0.306 0.128
  1900 0.216 0.211 0.070 0.172 0.005 0.009 0.101 0.007 0.057 0.124 0.053 0.145 0.098
  1901 0.057 0.195 0.168 0.160 0.090 0.227 0.193 0.190 0.011 -0.099 -0.071 -0.057 0.089
  1902 -0.108 -0.024 -0.016 -0.141 -0.083 -0.244 -0.283 -0.164 0.007 0.024 -0.109 -0.078 -0.102
  1903 -0.034 0.060 -0.051 -0.062 -0.137 -0.169 -0.156 -0.438 -0.449 -0.359 -0.232 -0.286 -0.193
  1904 -0.345 -0.367 -0.373 -0.416 -0.391 -0.423 -0.331 -0.342 -0.472 -0.365 -0.193 -0.149 -0.347
  1905 -0.220 -0.177 -0.354 -0.167 -0.058 -0.167 -0.049 -0.137 -0.351 -0.247 -0.263 -0.240 -0.203
  1906 -0.067 -0.028 -0.048 -0.040 -0.155 0.012 -0.003 -0.060 -0.116 -0.137 -0.014 -0.221 -0.073
  1907 -0.182 -0.345 -0.251 -0.158 -0.145 -0.250 -0.277 -0.312 -0.175 -0.216 -0.224 -0.188 -0.227
C 1908 -0.228 -0.230 -0.237 -0.206 -0.160 -0.061 0.027 0.011 -0.086 -0.118 -0.152 -0.119 -0.130
  1909 -0.102 -0.140 -0.099 -0.146 -0.004 -0.126 -0.165 -0.081 -0.112 -0.149 -0.289 -0.232 -0.137
O 1910 -0.305 -0.249 -0.258 -0.308 -0.339 -0.359 -0.287 -0.257 -0.104 -0.188 -0.076 -0.240 -0.248
  1911 -0.251 -0.251 -0.306 -0.318 -0.342 -0.237 -0.166 -0.063 -0.117 -0.112 -0.229 -0.171 -0.214
O 1912 -0.235 -0.258 -0.216 -0.167 -0.114 -0.149 -0.255 -0.393 -0.243 -0.249 -0.221 -0.234 -0.228
  1913 -0.306 -0.211 -0.224 -0.440 -0.447 -0.565 -0.438 -0.434 -0.427 -0.381 -0.455 -0.326 -0.388
L 1914 -0.223 -0.318 -0.405 -0.383 -0.262 -0.376 -0.431 -0.370 -0.188 -0.113 -0.184 -0.227 -0.290
  1915 -0.128 -0.116 -0.003 0.052 0.262 0.294 0.318 0.213 0.197 0.029 -0.006 0.011 0.094
  1916 -0.039 -0.099 -0.093 -0.118 0.020 0.029 -0.075 -0.016 -0.003 -0.074 -0.240 -0.208 -0.076
  1917 -0.293 -0.349 -0.401 -0.305 -0.253 -0.151 -0.209 -0.191 -0.281 -0.341 -0.319 -0.259 -0.279
  1918 -0.101 -0.175 -0.117 -0.178 -0.238 -0.419 -0.366 -0.390 -0.364 -0.257 -0.299 -0.223 -0.261
  1919 -0.226 -0.058 -0.192 -0.055 -0.164 -0.222 -0.282 -0.190 -0.191 -0.142 -0.226 -0.290 -0.187
  1920 -0.461 -0.403 -0.451 -0.334 -0.251 -0.280 -0.275 -0.302 -0.275 -0.266 -0.426 -0.302 -0.336
  1921 -0.289 -0.273 -0.317 -0.263 -0.249 -0.247 -0.107 -0.245 -0.224 -0.054 -0.261 -0.119 -0.221
  1922 -0.204 -0.241 -0.339 -0.409 -0.317 -0.330 -0.375 -0.308 -0.367 -0.285 -0.350 -0.323 -0.321
  1923 -0.362 -0.459 -0.403 -0.428 -0.280 -0.313 -0.320 -0.425 -0.368 -0.263 -0.214 -0.060 -0.325
  1924 -0.130 -0.198 -0.103 -0.056 0.046 -0.096 -0.125 -0.136 -0.203 -0.235 -0.315 -0.286 -0.153
  1925 -0.325 -0.310 -0.238 -0.179 -0.077 -0.189 -0.144 -0.131 -0.119 -0.086 -0.171 0.047 -0.160
  1926 0.035 0.107 0.047 0.109 0.126 0.068 0.141 0.052 0.042 0.177 0.026 0.089 0.085
  1927 0.080 0.076 0.040 0.068 0.192 0.154 0.155 0.157 0.105 0.173 0.137 -0.024 0.109
  1928 -0.046 -0.095 -0.094 -0.099 0.017 0.066 0.086 0.102 0.088 0.042 -0.051 -0.090 -0.006
  1929 -0.088 -0.100 -0.090 -0.015 -0.110 -0.192 -0.179 -0.154 -0.065 -0.054 -0.114 -0.185 -0.112
  1930 -0.123 -0.175 -0.094 -0.210 -0.111 -0.080 0.060 0.070 0.288 0.202 0.153 0.143 0.010
  1931 0.115 0.066 0.148 0.151 0.225 0.269 0.194 0.151 0.264 0.319 0.059 0.172 0.178
  1932 0.176 0.230 0.248 0.212 0.155 0.245 0.271 0.387 0.337 0.239 0.137 0.096 0.228
  1933 0.089 0.157 0.091 0.211 0.292 0.244 0.280 0.282 0.244 0.331 0.080 0.003 0.192
  1934 -0.111 -0.189 -0.211 -0.093 -0.112 0.034 0.171 0.080 0.143 0.171 0.018 -0.004 -0.009
  1935 0.043 -0.134 -0.149 0.055 0.142 0.110 0.063 0.006 -0.036 -0.018 0.021 0.101 0.017
  1936 0.137 0.146 0.194 0.196 0.168 0.193 0.195 0.214 0.174 0.104 0.020 0.048 0.149
W 1937 0.055 0.086 0.098 0.069 0.131 0.450 0.611 0.591 0.507 0.297 0.256 0.353 0.292
  1938 0.211 0.152 0.199 0.237 0.203 0.168 0.204 0.298 0.309 0.355 0.319 0.218 0.239
A 1939 0.135 0.078 -0.032 0.095 0.105 0.177 0.325 0.323 0.300 0.010 -0.153 -0.079 0.107
  1940 0.062 -0.193 -0.144 -0.032 0.002 0.014 0.096 0.105 0.025 -0.049 -0.132 -0.138 -0.032
R 1941 -0.062 0.095 0.132 0.065 0.037 -0.019 0.088 0.279 0.305 0.416 0.393 0.327 0.171
  1942 0.136 0.199 0.193 0.205 0.209 0.260 0.101 0.146 0.224 0.203 0.197 0.092 0.180
M 1943 0.130 0.097 -0.102 -0.135 -0.123 -0.075 0.017 0.017 0.077 0.081 0.144 0.229 0.030
  1944 0.302 0.319 0.424 0.316 0.293 0.349 0.363 0.445 0.419 0.368 0.274 0.275 0.346
  1945 0.261 0.351 0.367 0.413 0.311 0.176 0.086 0.109 0.087 0.105 0.187 0.140 0.216
  1946 0.279 0.193 0.134 0.064 0.092 -0.098 -0.202 -0.162 -0.015 -0.013 -0.062 -0.032 0.015
  1947 -0.171 -0.124 -0.088 -0.094 -0.152 -0.149 -0.154 -0.097 -0.047 -0.087 0.050 0.037 -0.090
  1948 -0.012 -0.025 0.031 -0.067 -0.001 0.058 -0.036 -0.020 -0.050 0.011 0.137 0.065 0.008
  1949 0.156 0.163 0.042 0.102 -0.021 0.004 0.075 0.105 0.073 0.107 0.111 0.121 0.087
  1950 0.114 -0.030 -0.102 -0.127 -0.055 -0.039 -0.052 0.023 0.013 -0.087 0.083 0.092 -0.014
  1951 0.106 0.002 0.016 0.172 0.176 0.293 0.425 0.307 0.253 0.262 0.178 0.178 0.197
  1952 0.175 0.186 0.234 0.194 0.184 0.386 0.376 0.407 0.365 0.358 0.254 0.344 0.289
  1953 0.268 0.188 0.145 0.317 0.346 0.279 0.347 0.262 0.283 0.151 0.247 0.261 0.258
  1954 0.230 0.099 0.104 -0.010 0.073 0.102 -0.042 -0.011 -0.008 -0.029 -0.023 -0.048 0.036
  1955 0.079 0.043 0.044 0.099 0.180 0.197 0.271 0.178 0.206 0.282 0.389 0.260 0.186
  1956 0.190 0.098 0.017 0.067 -0.055 -0.261 -0.087 -0.095 -0.086 -0.040 -0.084 0.022 -0.026
  1957 -0.078 -0.103 -0.016 -0.071 -0.118 -0.009 0.043 0.205 0.224 0.153 0.087 0.082 0.033
  1958 0.052 0.192 0.347 0.349 0.204 0.224 0.167 0.164 0.215 0.155 0.188 0.222 0.207
  1959 0.103 0.117 -0.024 -0.001 0.010 -0.057 -0.029 0.015 0.128 0.115 0.054 0.112 0.045
  1960 0.179 0.219 0.091 0.099 0.305 0.322 0.273 0.338 0.213 0.299 0.253 0.140 0.228
  1961 0.063 0.084 0.151 0.229 0.196 0.035 -0.016 0.038 0.005 0.032 0.070 0.216 0.092
  1962 0.151 0.154 0.168 0.090 0.025 -0.069 -0.006 -0.061 0.006 0.068 0.048 0.192 0.064
  1963 0.159 0.168 0.136 0.106 -0.083 -0.045 -0.034 -0.071 -0.200 -0.069 -0.055 -0.058 -0.004
  1964 -0.073 0.023 0.041 -0.144 0.043 0.006 -0.142 -0.232 -0.218 -0.269 -0.164 -0.119 -0.104
  1965 -0.196 -0.175 -0.076 -0.095 -0.097 -0.125 -0.186 -0.208 -0.220 -0.246 -0.274 -0.121 -0.168
  1966 -0.074 0.012 -0.008 0.046 0.003 -0.043 -0.054 -0.042 0.002 0.015 0.005 0.082 -0.005
  1967 0.083 0.090 -0.032 -0.013 -0.185 -0.259 -0.229 -0.163 -0.095 -0.098 -0.233 -0.151 -0.107
  1968 -0.245 -0.196 -0.207 -0.154 -0.122 -0.261 -0.228 -0.212 -0.148 -0.112 -0.106 -0.125 -0.176
  1969 -0.061 0.106 0.209 0.150 0.012 0.030 0.095 -0.099 -0.106 -0.184 -0.123 -0.030 0.000
  1970 -0.009 -0.047 0.020 0.021 -0.045 -0.181 -0.199 -0.139 -0.136 -0.195 -0.239 -0.208 -0.113
  1971 -0.244 -0.291 -0.309 -0.411 -0.325 -0.361 -0.348 -0.434 -0.364 -0.233 -0.241 -0.307 -0.322
  1972 -0.316 -0.378 -0.437 -0.324 -0.467 -0.486 -0.373 -0.381 -0.301 -0.284 -0.275 -0.349 -0.364
  1973 -0.372 -0.391 -0.342 -0.262 -0.167 -0.173 -0.101 -0.131 -0.129 -0.213 -0.207 -0.236 -0.227
  1974 -0.273 -0.281 -0.399 -0.521 -0.497 -0.445 -0.512 -0.465 -0.503 -0.505 -0.423 -0.358 -0.432
  1975 -0.270 -0.336 -0.307 -0.343 -0.386 -0.292 -0.269 -0.182 -0.333 -0.351 -0.338 -0.319 -0.311
C 1976 -0.382 -0.438 -0.491 -0.423 -0.485 -0.481 -0.304 -0.182 -0.190 -0.290 -0.413 -0.429 -0.376
  1977 -0.386 -0.330 -0.180 -0.214 -0.167 -0.104 -0.103 -0.142 -0.229 -0.221 -0.140 -0.201 -0.201
O 1978 -0.103 -0.144 -0.155 -0.192 -0.201 -0.329 -0.273 -0.223 -0.186 -0.204 -0.116 -0.179 -0.192
  1979 -0.189 -0.147 -0.224 -0.233 -0.114 -0.038 -0.090 -0.111 -0.105 -0.084 -0.081 -0.055 -0.123
O 1980 0.003 -0.074 -0.134 0.004 0.134 0.113 0.055 0.028 -0.003 -0.057 -0.192 -0.245 -0.031
  1981 -0.172 -0.171 0.011 -0.086 -0.074 -0.052 -0.085 -0.106 -0.027 -0.177 -0.127 0.003 -0.089
L 1982 -0.071 -0.069 -0.071 -0.173 -0.182 -0.175 -0.219 -0.299 -0.298 -0.362 -0.407 -0.371 -0.225
  1983 -0.289 -0.094 0.091 0.069 -0.039 -0.045 -0.005 -0.148 -0.206 -0.186 -0.148 0.007 -0.083
  1984 -0.097 -0.078 -0.115 -0.148 -0.156 -0.315 -0.256 -0.216 -0.199 -0.334 -0.415 -0.308 -0.220
  1985 -0.345 -0.320 -0.347 -0.391 -0.328 -0.118 -0.143 -0.272 -0.238 -0.236 -0.286 -0.327 -0.279
  1986 -0.334 -0.266 -0.283 -0.315 -0.219 -0.252 -0.239 -0.263 -0.210 -0.309 -0.388 -0.362 -0.287
  1987 -0.268 -0.208 -0.023 0.039 0.077 0.212 0.289 0.289 0.203 0.056 -0.061 0.052 0.055
  1988 -0.033 -0.107 -0.002 0.059 0.145 0.173 0.116 -0.002 -0.089 -0.164 -0.141 -0.158 -0.017
  1989 -0.215 -0.150 -0.247 -0.283 -0.141 0.097 0.183 0.119 -0.089 -0.117 -0.144 -0.147 -0.095
  1990 -0.293 -0.156 -0.173 -0.111 -0.053 -0.050 -0.016 0.058 0.153 0.119 -0.048 -0.030 -0.050
  1991 -0.189 -0.111 -0.064 -0.127 -0.148 -0.124 -0.102 -0.104 -0.032 -0.257 -0.256 -0.209 -0.144
  1992 -0.186 -0.090 -0.088 -0.180 -0.218 -0.146 -0.215 -0.376 -0.365 -0.296 -0.330 -0.280 -0.231
  1993 -0.236 -0.183 -0.240 -0.169 -0.160 -0.178 -0.273 -0.225 -0.161 -0.239 -0.315 -0.290 -0.222
  1994 -0.293 -0.305 -0.275 -0.197 -0.203 -0.218 -0.228 -0.232 -0.149 -0.056 -0.016 -0.087 -0.188
  1995 -0.059 -0.037 0.019 0.079 0.274 0.367 0.317 0.186 0.057 0.105 0.130 0.045 0.124
  1996 -0.007 -0.029 -0.055 0.012 -0.062 -0.121 -0.102 -0.006 0.001 -0.142 -0.171 -0.152 -0.070
  1997 -0.089 -0.033 0.008 0.010 0.042 0.011 0.063 0.018 0.112 0.153 0.054 0.134 0.040
  1998 0.133 0.294 0.324 0.294 0.386 0.492 0.490 0.515 0.415 0.385 0.320 0.282 0.361
  1999 0.053 0.060 0.072 0.055 0.165 0.183 0.201 0.310 0.188 0.020 -0.046 0.017 0.107
  2000 -0.081 -0.035 0.106 0.045 0.108 -0.015 0.075 0.106 0.104 -0.037 -0.050 -0.124 0.017
  2001 -0.125 -0.024 0.017 -0.009 -0.006 0.201 0.138 0.180 0.289 0.254 0.159 0.216 0.108
  2002 0.184 0.168 0.148 0.030 -0.045 -0.114 -0.063 0.109 0.083 0.114 0.022 0.008 0.054
  2003 0.053 -0.010 0.115 0.082 0.154 0.208 0.279 0.418 0.455 0.429 0.226 0.227 0.220
  2004 0.213 0.212 0.161 0.111 0.009 0.180 0.231 0.320 0.243 0.245 0.224 0.190 0.195
W 2005 0.114 0.129 0.287 0.295 0.296 0.330 0.450 0.443 0.422 0.241 0.143 0.219 0.281
  2006 0.127 0.078 0.063 0.201 0.311 0.336 0.378 0.404 0.367 0.337 0.292 0.175 0.256
A 2007 0.174 0.220 0.130 0.162 0.115 0.092 0.132 0.058 0.101 0.161 0.179 0.114 0.137
  2008 0.034 0.132 0.162 0.046 0.176 0.259 0.209 0.178 0.202 0.106 0.004 0.022 0.128
R 2009 -0.055 -0.161 -0.156 -0.127 -0.058 0.125 0.231 0.156 0.061 0.168 0.073 0.086 0.029
  2010 0.043 0.181 0.291 0.429 0.463 0.451 0.453 0.529 0.453 0.327 0.239 0.211 0.339
M 2011 0.147 0.111 0.059 0.095 0.155 0.182 0.095 0.150 0.148 0.066 -0.067 -0.041 0.092
  2012 -0.062 0.008 0.029 0.083 0.168 0.303 0.379 0.434 0.452 0.333 0.168 0.144 0.203
  2013 0.131 0.119 0.162 0.140 0.104 0.050 0.194 0.198 0.258 0.350 0.132 0.040 0.157
  2014 -0.059 -0.039 -0.078 -0.090 0.002 0.065 0.225 0.338 0.313 0.295 0.068 0.062 0.092
  2015 -0.005 0.000 -0.126 -0.068 0.048 0.032 0.135 0.182 0.303 0.328 0.190 0.232 0.104
  2016 0.234 0.159 0.191 0.180 0.347 0.412 0.435 0.460 0.461 0.384 0.394 0.338 0.333
  2017 0.225 0.227 0.167 0.283 0.314 0.308 0.302 0.310 0.350 0.433 0.352 0.364 0.303
  2018 0.173 0.062 0.132 0.063 -0.001 -0.011 0.017 0.112 0.161 0.143 -0.121 -0.060 0.056
  2019 -0.037 0.058 0.099 0.101 0.065 0.151 0.329 0.315 0.223 0.136 0.087 0.142 0.139
  2020 0.073 0.333 0.346 0.347 0.243 0.249 0.341 0.425 0.296 0.289 0.113 0.163 0.268
  2021 0.126 0.139 0.112 0.054 0.072 0.139 0.210 0.245 0.402 0.475 0.445 0.252 0.223
  2022 0.176 0.133 0.009 0.110 0.197 0.199 0.135 0.358 0.662 0.483 0.282 0.218 0.247
  Max 0.327 0.383 0.424 0.648 0.529 0.632 0.611 0.591 0.662 0.483 0.445 0.475 0.457
  Avg -0.032 -0.024 -0.014 -0.007 0.012 0.027 0.037 0.039 0.040 0.016 -0.023 -0.011 0.005
  Min -0.461 -0.459 -0.491 -0.521 -0.497 -0.565 -0.512 -0.465 -0.503 -0.505 -0.455 -0.429 -0.432
  Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg